You can duplicate the label for each chunk:
def chunk_examples(examples):
chunks = []
labels = []
for sentence, label in zip(examples["sentence1"], examples["label"]):
chunks += [sentence[i:i + 50] for i in range(0, len(sentence), 50)]
labels += [label] * len(range(0, len(sentence), 50))
return {"chunk": chunks, "label": labels}
chunked_dataset = dataset.map(chunk_examples, batched=True, remove_columns=dataset.column_names)