Just had the same issue with a .sqlite3 file.
Decided to make a new space, then clone it, edit .gitattributes (already provided by HF) to add the file-format there.
*.sqlite3 filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
Running git lfs track "*.sqlite3" confirmed that it was already tracked with lfs there.
Then push.
Then add all my stuff for the project from a different folder - push - works.